Spaying is a routine surgical procedure; however, all surgery and general anaesthesia carry inherent risks. Every precaution is taken to minimise these risks, but complications can occur despite appropriate care and monitoring.

• Bruising, swelling, or discomfort around the surgical site. 
• Temporary reduced appetite, lethargy, or nausea following anaesthesia. 
• Mild inflammation or irritation of the incision. 
• Minor bleeding or bruising. 

• Wound infection. 
• Opening of the surgical wound (dehiscence). 
• Seroma (fluid accumulation beneath the skin). 
• Delayed healing. 
• Adverse reactions to anaesthetic drugs, pain relief, or other medications. 
• Vomiting or gastrointestinal upset after anaesthesia. 

• Significant bleeding requiring further treatment or repeat surgery. 
• Internal infection or peritonitis. 
• Damage to surrounding organs or tissues. 
• Ovarian remnant syndrome resulting in persistent signs of oestrus. 
• Severe reactions to medications or anaesthetic agents. 
• Cardiac or respiratory complications, including arrest. 
• Death despite appropriate care and monitoring. 

• Weight gain if calorie intake and exercise are not appropriately adjusted. 
• Urinary incontinence, particularly in certain breeds. 
• Coat texture changes in some breeds. 

Although spaying is considered a safe and commonly performed procedure, no surgical or anaesthetic procedure is entirely without risk. Complications are uncommon, and the vast majority of patients recover uneventfully. Every effort is made by the veterinary team to provide safe anaesthesia, effective pain relief, and the highest standard of surgical care.